Austrocylindropuntia subulata - Eve's Needle

Morphological Characteristics

Austrocylindropuntia subulata, commonly known as Eve’s Needle, is a distinctive and fast-growing cactus in the Cactaceae family, native to the Andes mountains of Peru and Ecuador. It is well known for its elongated cylindrical stems and unique awl-shaped (subulate) leaves, which is uncommon among cacti.

The plant features upright, branching stems that can grow up to 2–4 meters (6–13 feet) tall in the ground, though it stays much smaller in containers. The stems are segmented, medium green, and covered with areoles that bear short spines and, unusually for a cactus, fleshy green leaves that are 2–5 cm (0.8–2 inches) long. These narrow, pointed leaves resemble needles, giving rise to the common name “Eve’s Needle.”

As the plant matures, it may produce large, showy, tubular flowers in shades of pink or red, usually blooming from the top or tips of the stems during the warmer months. However, flowering is less common in container-grown specimens.

Growth Habits

Eve’s Needle is a vigorous, upright grower, especially when planted in the ground in warm climates. It forms multi-branched shrubs or small tree-like shapes over time. When grown in pots, it can be pruned to maintain a compact, sculptural form. It’s well-suited for outdoor xeriscaping, large succulent containers, or as a striking vertical accent in cactus gardens.

Maintenance Points

• Lighting: Prefers full sun for best growth and spine development. Indoors, place near a south-facing window with at least 6 hours of direct light.

• Watering: Water thoroughly but infrequently. Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. During winter, reduce watering to a minimum.

• Soil: Requires a well-draining cactus mix. Amend with coarse sand, pumice, or perlite to ensure roots don’t stay wet.

• Temperature: Thrives in warm temperatures (20–30°C / 68–86°F). Can tolerate short periods down to -2°C (28°F) if kept dry, but prolonged frost should be avoided.

• Fertilization: Apply a diluted cactus fertilizer once a month during the active growing season (spring and summer). Avoid feeding in winter.

• Potting: Use a sturdy container with drainage. Repot every 2–3 years or when root-bound. Repotting is best done in spring.

• Humidity: Prefers low humidity and good airflow. Do not mist.

Reproduction Method

1. Stem Cuttings (most common):

• Cutting: Take a healthy stem segment (at least 10–15 cm / 4–6 inches) using a sterile knife.

• Callusing: Allow the cutting to dry and callus in a shaded area for 5–10 days.

• Planting: Insert the callused end into well-draining soil. Water lightly after a few days.

• Rooting: Place in a bright, warm location. Roots typically develop within a few weeks.

2. Seeds:

• Sowing: Sow fresh seeds on a well-draining cactus seed mix.

• Germination: Maintain warm temperatures (20–25°C / 68–77°F) and moderate moisture. Germination may take 1–3 weeks.

• Transplanting: Once seedlings are large enough to handle, transplant to individual pots.

Additional Tips

• Pest Control: Watch for mealybugs, scale, and spider mites, especially on new growth. Treat promptly with neem oil or insecticidal soap.

• Disease Prevention: Avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage to prevent stem or root rot.

• Pruning: Can be pruned to control height or remove damaged branches. Use clean tools and allow cut surfaces to callus.

• Display: Excellent in rock gardens, desert-themed landscapes, or tall succulent arrangements for dramatic vertical interest.

• Safety Note: Spines are short but sharp; handle with gloves. Not toxic to pets but not recommended for play areas due to its rigid structure.

With its unusual leafy spines, rapid growth, and bold vertical structure, Austrocylindropuntia subulata – Eve’s Needle adds architectural interest to any cactus garden or succulent collection. It’s a standout species that combines the form of a cactus with the texture of leafy succulents.